The COP is the supreme decision-making body of the Convention. All States that are Parties to the Convention are represented at the COP, at which they review the implementation of the Convention and any other legal instruments that the COP adopts and take decisions necessary to promote the effective implementation of the Convention, including institutional and administrative arrangements.

COP 31 will be held from November 9 to November 20, 2026, in Antalya, Turkey, following an agreement where Australia conceded its bid to host in exchange for leading negotiations, with Türkiye hosting the main summit as agreed at COP30.